Chlorine combines with the gas when the mixture is exposed to sunlight or when the sulphur dioxide is employed in solution in acetic acid or in camphor, the product being sulphuryl chloride 3 no combination occurs in the dark in the absence of a catalyst. In the presence of water the products are sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid.4 Bromine does not combine in this manner, nor does hydrogen chloride, the freezing-point curve of the latter with sulphur dioxide showing only the formation of a eutectic mixture.5... [Pg.119]
This theory of electrolytic dissociation, or the ionic theory, attracted little attention until 1887 when vanT IIoff s classical paper on the theory of solutions was published. The latter author had shown that the ideal gas law equation, with osmotic pressure in place of gas pressure, was applicable to dilute solutions of non-electrolytes, but that electrolytic solutions showed considerable deviations. For example, the osmotic effect, as measured by depression of the freezing point or in other ways, of hydrochloric acid, alkali chlorides and hydroxides was nearly twice as great as the value to be expected from the gas law equation in some cases, e.g., barium hydroxide, and potassium sulfate and oxalate, the discrepancy was even greater. No explanation of these facts was offered by vanT Iloff, but he introduced an empirical factor i into the gas law equation for electrolytic solutions, thus... [Pg.9]
The solubility of the hydrates of hydrochloric acid existing at low temperatures may be drawn in the under part of Fig. 38. We may here also start from the point 0° for pure water, and going along the curve of freezing points of solutions of hydrochloric acid reach the cryohydric point for HCI.3H2O at b then follow the solution of that hydrate, b c d, which at c has the same composition as the solid hydrate and ends at d with separation of the hydrate HCl. 2H2O then the curve for saturation... [Pg.90]
Corresponding surfaces starting from the horizontal plane are the expression of the freezing points of hydrates of hydrochloric acid, lowered by addition of ferric chloride. [Pg.92]
Iron-chromium alloys, free from carbon, may be prepared from chromite by the alumino-thermic method. From a study of the cooling-and freezing-point curves it has been suggested that a compound, Cr Fe, exists, but this is questioned by Janecke, who studied the iron-chromium system by means of fusion curves and by the microscopic study of polished sections of various alloys between the limits 10 Fe 90 Cr and 90 Fe 10 Cr, and came to the conclusion that the system consists of a single eutectic which can form mixed crystals with either component. The eutectic contains 75 per cent, of chromium and melts at 1320° C. The addition of chromium to iron increases the readiness of attack by hydrochloric and sulphuric acids, but towards concentrated nitric acid the alloys are rendered passive. They remain bright in air and in water. The presence of carbon increases the resistance to acids and renders them very hard if carbon-free, they are softer than cast iron. All the alloys up to 80 per cent, chromium are magnetic. Molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, and tungsten improve the mechanical properties and increase the resistance to acids. [Pg.18]
Antimony pentachloride, SbCls, is a liquid having a freezing point of 2.8 °C and a boiling point of 140 °C. When absolutely pure, the liquid is colorless, but commercial SbCls is usually yellowish. SbCls has a high density (2.35 g/cc), and in humid air its vapor reacts with water to form visible fumes of hydrochloric acid mist and Sb20s particles ... [Pg.197]
The freezing points of hydrochloric acid solutions, obtained by Randall and Young [/. Am. Chem. Soc.y 50, 989 (1928)] by smoothing a large number of experimental results, are as follows ... [Pg.404]
Willstatter and collaborators by the action of SiCl4 on water in presence of silver oxide to remove hydrochloric acid, obtained a solution containing mostly H4Si04, as was found by the freezing-point depression and by washing alumina and stannic acid gels with acetone to remove excess of water they obtained the compounds Al(OH)3 and H2Sn03. [Pg.866]
Chemical Designations — Synonyms No common synonyms Chemical Formula CjHjSiHCL. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Sharp, hydrochloric acid-like acrid. Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 129.1 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 165, 74, 347 Freezing Point Not... [Pg.109]
