Are you rich? This is a question that many people ask themselves in quiet moments but would never have enough nerve to say out loud. What is the magic number to be considered rich, and what are the U.S. wealth percentiles?
U.S. wealth percentiles provide clearer picture of where you rank
According to Schwab’s 2023Modern Wealth Survey, its seventh annual, Americans said it takes an average net worth of $2.2 million to qualify a person as being wealthy. (Net worth is the sum of your assets minus your liabilities.)
To get a clearer picture of where you rank, check out this wealth report card (this site also provides a U.S. wealth percentiles calculator):
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- People with the top 1% of net worth in the U.S. in 2022 had $10,815,000 in net worth.
- The top 2% had a net worth of $2,472,000.
- The top 5% had $1,030,000.
- The top 10% had $854,900.
- The top 50% had $522,210.
For more perspective, according to the most recent Federal Reserve Board Survey of Consumer Finances, which is released every three years and is due to be updated in late 2023, the median net worth of all families (meaning half made more and half made less) in 2019 was $121,700, and the mean, or average, net worth was $748,800.
Here’s the average net worth by age in 2019, according to the same survey:
Younger than 35: $76,300
35-44: $436,200
45-54: $833,200
55-64: $1,175,900
65-74: $1,217,700
75 or older: $977,600
Nerd Wallet’s net worth calculator can help you determine your net worth.
A different measure of wealth: The American dream
However, the definition of "rich" is changing for many.
The term “the American dream” is so imbedded into the American psyche that the Merriam-Webster dictionary deems it to be a “noun phrase.” The definition is: “A happy way of living that is thought of by many Americans as something that can be achieved by anyone in the U.S. especially by working hard and becoming successful.”
Haven’t you fantasized about what it would feel like to never have to look at a price tag on that cool electronic gadget, or the prices on a menu, or never having to worry about paying the medical bills…or any bills, or to just pick out that dream car and not think twice about the cost? I have. And I bet many of you have, too. I have even dreamed of winning the $2 billion lottery and how I’d share it with my friends and family (as long as they didn’t bug me about it!).
What does that fantasy really give you? For me, it gives me freedom — financial freedom. As a financial literacy expert, my definition of rich, like many of you, is not to have to worry about paying the next surprise bill, or actually being able to reasonably spend guilt-free. I’d also love to share that freedom with others. I’m not talking Jeff Bezos wealthy — I’m talking “not-having-to-worry wealthy.”
Be careful what you wish for?
Many view wealthy people as being evil and exploitive, or Scrooge types. The site dnyuz.com posed a question on Instagram: “Do you think you can be rich and be a good person?” The answers were split: 44% of respondents said “yes”, while 32% said “no.” We all know that you can be a jerk regardless of your net worth. It’s just strange that people are incredulous, or perhaps jealous, of something they themselves may covet.
Here’s an interesting thing about rich people: The richest 1% of people in the world create more than double the carbon emissions of the poorest. This makes sense, because they are flying around in private jets, and the poor, in many cases, don’t even have electricity. Oxfam International found that 1% of the richest people in the world accelerated climate change far more than any others, and the poor are hit the hardest by this.
The racial wealth gap
Unfortunately, the American dream is not available for everyone. Housing equity makes up about two-thirds of all wealth. The National Community Reinvestment Coalition reports that “… housing discrimination and segregation still persist, causing long-term societal effects in America. Segregation and discrimination in housing harm people’s health, their ability to accumulate wealth and the environment.”
In a 2019 survey from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, it was clearly shown that people of color are not achieving the American Dream like their white counterparts are. White families’ median wealth was $188,200, while Black families’ was less than 15% of that of whites’ at $24,100. Hispanic families’ median wealth was $36,100. Growth rates for wealth among these underserved families is rising, but these figures remain disturbing.
Data used from the Survey of Consumer Finances and others, as stated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, reported that racial gaps in economic security have hindered people of color from building wealth. As recently as 2016, they reported “… that nearly 20% of Black families had zero or negative net worth compared to 9% of whites’ …” Also, when Black people were pursuing the American Dream by going to college, their student loan debt was 30% higher than that of whites.
The new American dream for the next generation?
Gen Zers are leading the way when it comes to being guided by their values and having those reflect their life decisions.
The next generation is redefining the American dream, but some of the basics we still hold. According to a survey conducted by Echelon Insights in 2020, 81% of this next generation does believe that hard work will allow them to achieve success, as they define it. They want freedom to choose what to be, financial well-being, family, a good job and housing. They also really value work-life balance.
Oops, not so fast
What makes this generation very different from Boomers is that they were willing to leave a job to find the freedom and the job quality they wanted. But the tide may be changing. As the pandemic began to ease, the economy started booming and employers were begging people to work.
The result of the economy coming roaring back was inflation. Inflation means that the Fed had to put the brakes on growth by raising interest rates. The higher rates have greatly affected lots of sectors, and now we are beginning to see layoffs. For example, notable tech companies such as Amazon, Meta and Twitter are cutting thousands of jobs.
The verdict is not in as to how the newfound values surrounding freedom in the workplace vs. putting food on the table will play out. I’m thinking that food will win over freedom, but I could be wrong.
Put your money where your mouth is
Schwab's 2022 Modern Wealth Survey found that “more than eight in 10 Americans (82%) agree that their personal values play an important role in how they manage their finances.” Yes, price and products are important, but “almost eight in 10 Americans (79%) say they try to use their purchasing power to support brands that are aligned with their beliefs.” Seventy-three percent agree that their values also guide their investment choices.
I’m a little cynical when it comes to surveys. Who really wants to admit that their life goal is to be rich? It seems pretty vacuous. Of course people are going to say that they care about making the planet a healthier place for all living things. It sounds good. But will they really walk the walk when it comes to investing their money?
The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance estimates total ESG funds under management in 2021 to be $330 billion. It's hard to measure an ESG (environmental, social and governance), or sustainable investment, portfolio against what we would call a “regular” U.S. stock portfolio, because it depends upon the mix of investments and who is doing the selection. One report found that a U.S. stock ESG portfolio had a 7.19% compound annual return in the last 15 years, while a U.S. stock portfolio had an 8.41% return over the same time period. But the point is that people appear to be walking the walk to invest in their values.
Do you want money to be your life’s report card?
Is more really better? I raised my kids to believe as I do, that rich means that you will never worry about being hungry or having a safe place to live, and you will also have enough to give to charity. It seems like after saying this, you should be clasping hands and singing Kumbaya. But this definition may relieve many people from looking over their shoulder to figure out what “the Joneses” are doing and always feeling like a failure. Wealth, however, is in the eye of the beholder. It is also a generational thing.
It's hard to avoid waxing philosophical when talking about being rich. My mother told me, “If you look up, you will always find people who have more, and when you look down, you will always find people with less. So, be thankful for what you have and see how you can help those who are not so lucky.”
I guess the best piece of advice came from David Rockefeller, CEO at Chase Bank when I was a budding executive there. I was fortunate to work with him on occasion. One day, we were talking about wealth. I asked him how it felt to be one of the richest men in the world. He basically told me that it’s not about the money, it’s about the legacy you leave behind. Then he quipped, “Let’s face it, you will never see a hearse with a luggage rack.”
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